Abstract
This research describes the pitch and timbre determination of the angklung, a musical instrument made entirely out of bamboo. An angklung has two main parts: the frame and the rattle tubes. The pitch of the rattle tubes can be determined using a formula that takes into consideration the length and diameter of the air resonator. This is compared with the results obtained using sound analysis with the fast Fourier transform as well as with measured results. The coupling effects of having two rattles on the pitch and timbre are investigated. It is found that the pitch of the angklung is closely related to the fundamental frequency of air resonance in the bamboo tubes of the angklung rattles. Therefore, the pitch of an angklung can be estimated by calculating that fundamental frequency using information from the length and diameter of the closed cylinder air column of each rattle. The timbre of the angklung is also determined to be a mix of the sound output from each of its individual rattles. The timbre has an identifying characteristic of having two prominent peaks with each one corresponding to the pitch of each rattle.
Highlights
An angklung is a rattle like musical instrument that is made entirely from bamboo
4(L + 0.305d) of each angklung is calculated based on the calculation (2) of air resonance in a closed cylinder
The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method can be used for this purpose
Summary
An angklung is a rattle like musical instrument that is made entirely from bamboo. Angklung was a musical instrument of agricultural festivals and was used during the festivities to arouse the fighting spirits of soldiers. It was associated in Java with hobby-horse dancing[1,2]. Daeng Sutigna of Bandung, a musician, started to resurrect and popularise the angklung. He introduced tunes similar to Western music, composed modern arrangements and recruited more angklung enthusiasts. Angklungs normally found nowadays are tuned to the Western diatonic scale which differs from the traditional pentatonic scale[3]
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