Pisidium coreanum Inhibits Multinucleated Osteoclast Formation and Prevents Estrogen-Deficient Osteoporosis.

Mun Hwan Choi,Mi Yeong Kim,Daewon Jeong,Kyunghee Lee,Hong-In Shin

doi:10.3390/ijms20236076

Mun Hwan Choi, Mi Yeong Kim + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20236076

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Abstract

Mollusks have served as important sources of human food and medicine for a long time. Raw Pisidium coreanum, a freshwater bivalve of the phylum Mollusca, is used in traditional therapies in parts of Asia. However, the therapeutic effects of Pisidium coreanum on bone diseases are not known. We investigated the functional roles of Pisidium coreanum in osteoporotic bone diseases. Pisidium coreanum inhibited the differentiation of bone marrow-derived monocytic cells into mature osteoclasts in vitro. The ovariectomized mice that received oral administration of Pisidium coreanum showed improvements in both trabecular and cortical bones. This preventive activity of Pisidium coreanum against bone loss was due to limited osteoclast maturation with reduced osteoclast surface extent in trabecular bone tissue. The formation of large multinucleated osteoclasts in vitro was significantly decreased in response to Pisidium coreanum, consistent with the reduced expression levels of osteoclast markers and fusion-related genes, such as NFATc1, p65, integrin αvβ3, DC-STAMP, OC-STAMP, Atp6v0d2, FAK, CD44, and MFR. These data suggest that Pisidium coreanum inhibits osteoclast differentiation by negatively regulating the fusion of mononuclear osteoclast precursors. Thus, our data demonstrate the ability of Pisidium coreanum to effectively prevent estrogen-deficient osteoporosis through inhibition of multinucleated osteoclast formation.

Highlights

Mollusca, known to be the second largest phylum of invertebrate animals, encompass a variety of ecological niches
Sci. 2019, 20, 6076 suspension of P. coreanum during osteoclast differentiation, there was a substantial reduction in the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts containing more than 3 or 10 nuclei and in osteoclast size
Several osteoclast fusion-related genes, including DC-STAMP, OC-STAMP, Atp6v0d2, FAK, and MFR were downregulated in response to treatment with P. coreanum powder suspension (Figure 5)

Summary

Introduction

Known to be the second largest phylum of invertebrate animals, encompass a variety of ecological niches. They can be classified into eight groups: Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Scaphopoda, Cephalopoda, Polyplacophora, Monoplacophora, Caudofoveata, and Solenogastres [1]. The most diverse group, the Bivalvia, is found in marine and freshwater habitats, and the other groups are found only in marine habitats. Diverse human resources, such as dyes, medicines, shells, and food, have been obtained from mollusks [1]. BLAST searches and molecular phylogenetic studies of this gene revealed that P. coreanum is similar to freshwater bivalves, including Dreissena polymorpha, Unio tumidus, and Crassostrea ariakensis [8]

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