Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the year-by-year change of family and student characteristics of whose performance is at or below basic proficiency level in domain of reading comprehension on PISA Turkey 2012, 2015 and 2018 implementations. This study is designed as a correlational survey research and also covers a secondary data analysis. Data was obtained from the official website of OECD. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used. Based on the research findings, it was seen that low performing students have started to come from better educated families as well as families with higher ESCS index. Resources available to students increased by years. Logistic regression analysis revealed that various variables are classifiers for students’ performance levels for each implementation years. Some findings are found to be contradictory with the literature such as predictive role of maternal education level and educational software. Suggestions are made based on the findings to improve students’ performances from low to at least basic proficiency levels.
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