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Abstract
Piriformospora indica is a discovered endophytic fungus colonizing in roots of plants in 1998. The fungus can form the mycelium, mycelial roll, and pear-shaped spores in intercellular and intracellular regions of roots. The fungus colonizes various host plants and also realizes the pure culture in vitro without roots of host plants. P. indica shows many positive effects on host plants, including the promotion of plant growth, the enhancement of nutrient acquisition and stress tolerance, the improvement of disease resistance, and the promoted accumulation of bioactive substances. The commercial production of the fungal spores is established in bioreactor with nanostructured materials “zinc oxide” as nano embedded fungus, which provides provides changes into confers. The review simply summarized the biological characteristics of P. indica, physiological roles in plants, and potential utilization as a biofertilizer.
Highlights
In 1998, Piriformospora indica Varma, Rexer, Kost & Franken sp. nov., an endophytic fungus of the Sebacinaceae family, was found in the rhizosphere of woody shrubs Prosopis juliflora and Zizyphus nummularia in the Tar Desert in Northwest India (Verma et al, 1998)
This review focuses on clarifying culture methods, interactions with plants, and potential application in agriculture for P. indica
P. indica stimulates root cytokinin concentrations during fungal colonization (Camehl et al, 2010). These results fully demonstrate that in host colonization of P. indica, phytohormones from both hosts and P. indica are stimulated to accelerate root colonization
Summary
In 1998, Piriformospora indica Varma, Rexer, Kost & Franken sp. nov., an endophytic fungus of the Sebacinaceae family, was found in the rhizosphere of woody shrubs Prosopis juliflora and Zizyphus nummularia in the Tar Desert in Northwest India (Verma et al, 1998). The expression of miRNA and their target genes in orchid roots was induced by P. indica, whilst the target genes were involved in hormone signals, cell wall metabolism and regulatory transcription factors (Ye et al, 2014), suggesting that promotion of plant growth by P. indica is associated with improving the miRNA model. The root endophyte promoted plant growth in Arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco seedlings, which is related with the more accumulation of nitrogen and the induced expression levels of nitrate reductase and amylo degrading enzyme genes (Sherameti et al, 2008).
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