Piperazine selenium nanoparticle (Pipe@SeNP's): A futuristic anticancer contender against MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line

Abstract

Drug resistance is a major drawback of breast cancer management mainly in treatment failure. The main objective of the current study is to investigate whether Piperazine selenium nanoparticles (Pipe@SeNP's) can induce apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines. Piperazine molecule (pipe) was synthesized and characterized using different spectral studies such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, LCMS, and FTIR. Pipe@SeNP's was synthesized and amply characterized with UV-Vis spectra, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, XRD, and DLS highest size distribution was found to be 26.39 nm compared to other sizes with 3.8 mV zeta potential value. Before the synthesis of the Pipe@SeNP's, the core chemical was assessed for their Pharmacophore model, PASS, ADME, and BBB. All the computational assays strongly indicated the potency of the molecule. Pipe@SeNP's was treated with both normal (PBMC) and cancerous (MDA-MB-23) cell lines and investigated their dose optimization, and cytotoxicity by MTT and SRB assays. The colony morphological changes and cell proliferation inhibitory effect of Pipe@SeNP's were monitored up to 8 hrs against cancer and normal cell lines compared to etoposide drug with colony formation and scratch wound assay. The efficacy of normal and cancerous cell death patterns was examined in a flow cytometer. The data showed that 61.92% of cells were dead in the late apoptotic phase and 22.60% of cells in the early apoptotic stage compared to standard drug etoposide 13.41% of cells were in the early apoptotic stage, 47.48% of cells in the late apoptotic phase and 20.65% of cells undergo necrosis. This revealed data strongly indicated that, Pipe@SeNP's could be of great potential in futuristic drug development against breast cancer cells.