Piperacillin–Tazobactum Plus Amikacin Versus Ceftazidime Plus Amikacin as Empirical Therapy for Fever in Neutropenic Patients with Hematological Malignancies

Abstract

Infections are one of the main cause of death in cancer patients particularly when granulocytopenia is present. A number of drugs have been used for the treatment of neutropenic patients with fever. Most published literature has shown piperacillin-tazobactum in combination with amikacin to be significantly more effective than ceftazidime plus amikacin in empirical treatment of febrile episodes in patients with neutropenia. In view of the reported literature we have tried this combination in our febrile neutropenic patients with haematological malignancies at PGIMS Rohtak. It was an open randomized trial. Patients were divided into two groups of 20 each. In the first group (group A) piperacillin-tazobactum (4+0.5 g 6 hourly) with single daily dose of amikacin 20mg/kg was given. In the second group (group B) ceftazidime 40mg/kg every 8 hourly with single daily dose of amikacin 20mg/kg was given. The most common site of infection was blood followed by urinary tract, respiratory tract and oral cavity. 13 (65%) patients in group A and 12 (60%) patient in group B showed clinical success. In our study however in our patients a better response was seen in patients with piperacillin-tazobactum+amikacin (65% vs. 60%). So it is recommended that piperacillin-tazobactum+amikacin should be given in febrile neutropenic patients with haematological malignancies.