Abstract
Pipeline history for the petroleum industry is only 108 yr old but the industry has grown into a countrywide transportation system handling approximately 20% of intercity freight. Liquid pipelines are able to handle multiple grades of product without significant mixing, to transport crude oil economically and safely from the oil producing fields to the refineries and refined products from the refineries to centers of population. The pipeline industry is presently faced with political and ecological problems, both real and imaginary. The pipeliners will have to learn to solve these political and ecological problems as they have learned to solve technical problems in the past.
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