Pipeline installation effects on soils and plants: A review and quantitative synthesis

Abstract

AbstractOil and natural gas pipelines are essential to the transport of energy materials, but construction of these pipelines commonly causes disturbance to ecosystems. Due to variability in pipeline installation practices and environments, drawing consensus about how pipeline installations typically impact ecosystems is challenging. Here, we performed a systematic literature review to compile studies that have evaluated impacts of pipeline installation on soil and plant properties. We found 34 studies reporting pipeline impacts on agricultural and natural ecosystems from eight countries. We quantified and synthesized the magnitude of responses and found that the majority of studies found pipeline installation resulted in soil degradation via increased compaction and soil mixing, paired with decreased aggregate stability and soil carbon (C) relative to adjacent, undisturbed areas. Averaged across all studies, aggregate stability decreased 44.8%, water infiltration was reduced 85.6%, and compaction via penetration resistance increased 40.9% over pipeline areas relative to nondisturbed adjacent areas. This soil degradation led to general declines in plant productivity, with 15 out of 25 studies documenting declines in crop yields (6.2–45.6%) and six out of nine studies reporting decreased biomass from natural ecosystems (1.7–56.8%). We conclude from our quantitative synthesis that pipeline installation typically results in degraded soil and vegetation resources, and this can persist for many years following installation.