Abstract
Pipelines play an important role in the national/international transportation of natural gas, petroleum products, and other energy resources. Pipelines are set up in different environments and consequently suffer various damage challenges, such as environmental electrochemical reaction, welding defects, and external force damage, etc. Defects like metal loss, pitting, and cracks destroy the pipeline’s integrity and cause serious safety issues. This should be prevented before it occurs to ensure the safe operation of the pipeline. In recent years, different non-destructive testing (NDT) methods have been developed for in-line pipeline inspection. These are magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing, ultrasonic testing (UT), electromagnetic acoustic technology (EMAT), eddy current testing (EC). Single modality or different kinds of integrated NDT system named Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) or un-piggable robotic inspection systems have been developed. Moreover, data management in conjunction with historic data for condition-based pipeline maintenance becomes important as well. In this study, various inspection methods in association with non-destructive testing are investigated. The state of the art of PIGs, un-piggable robots, as well as instrumental applications, are systematically compared. Furthermore, data models and management are utilized for defect quantification, classification, failure prediction and maintenance. Finally, the challenges, problems, and development trends of pipeline inspection as well as data management are derived and discussed.
Highlights
As energy demand increases, the energy production infrastructure expands correspondingly
circuit televisiontelevision camera (CCTV) is still the most common in-pipe robotic method, which is made up based on a multi-trotter crawler (MTC) was combined with a bidirectional magnetic flux leakage (MFL) inspection of the following illumination and lighting system, imaging sensors and module in a 2 km 10”hardware: pipe
The significance of pipeline inspection is firstly highlighted under the discussion of different defect information and types of failure
Summary
Technologies for threats and integrity management contains inspecting existing defects (such as cracks, metal loss, rust and dents), making use of several devices in external corrosion direct assessment, internal inspection, pipeline detecting and monitoring, as well as stress analysis [30]. Since there exists a blind area of surface inspection in conventional ultrasonic technology, the EC method based on electromagnetic principle is proposed for pipeline surface and near surface defects detection [72] It is widely used for crack detection since it is sensitive to conductivity, permeability and thickness variation of materials [31]. With a low-frequency alternating current, the magnetic field signal passes through the pipeline twice and returns to the detector coil for receiving [77] It can effectively detect the internal and external wall defects or the thickness reduction of the metal tube [78]. Only based on ultrasonic and electromagnetic ultrasonic, magnetic flux leakage, eddy current testing methods have successfully developed internal testing tools for in-line inspection of pipeline
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