Abstract
Renewed interest in varieties that are more tolerant to diseases has emerged, which is mainly due to increased awareness by producers and consumers regarding the impact of phytochemicals in the environment. This paper describes the first Slovenian grapevine variety ‘Pinore’ crossed between the Vitis vinifera L. ‘Pinot Noir’ clone Mf and ‘Regent’ vines. The aim was to create an early ripening grape cultivar that has a good tolerance to biotic stress (e.g., downy and powdery mildew, botrytis) combined with the benefits of established cultivars and their intense wine colors. Some ampelographic characteristics of young shoots, mature leaves, bunches, and berries are presented, and its major agronomic traits, ripening time, grape yield, quality performances, and disease resistance were evaluated over a three-year period (2014–2017). Wine sensory analyses were performed and compared with the international variety ‘Pinot Noir’. The examined genotype showed good agronomic performance and a high wine quality as far as the content of polyphenols is concerned, especially in terms of anthocyanins and tolerance to diseases (Ren3/9 and Rpv3.1); it is significantly different compared to the reference variety ‘Pinot Noir’. In terms of ampelographic characteristics, the main differences are in the number of leaf lobes, the depth of the lateral sinuses, and the content of anthocyanins in its flesh. The investigated genotype has been proposed to the Committee of new varieties in Slovenia for the variety recognition procedure, and completion of the procedure planned for the end of 2023.
Highlights
The main differences according to the OIV descriptors between the new variety ‘Pinore’ and ‘Pinot Noir’ are in the number of lobes (OIV68), the degree of opening of the petiole sinus (OIV079) (Table 2), and the anthocyanins in the flesh (OIV231)
Grapes of the ‘Pinore’ variety, which were obtained by crossing the ‘Pinot Noir’ and Regent’ varieties, can be produced with a reduced amount of fungicides, which has ecological and economic benefits
With the use of downy mildew markers in the new variety, only the single resistance locus Rpv3 was confirmed, for which it has already been established that individual downy mildew isolates can overcome its resistance
Summary
European agricultural policies have implemented guidelines that are focused on improving management strategies, integrating agronomic practices in vineyards (2009/128/CE Directive), and a reducing the use of pesticides through the use of more disease tolerant varieties (PiWi) in place of conventional ones. These varieties could be the most promising tool for low input and cost, a lower ecological fingerprint and time-saving viticulture due to spray reduction [2]. They are the most effective tool for increasing organic agriculture to 25% by 2030, which is in accordance with the agreement of the European Union (EU) countries (A European Green Deal 2021)
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