Pinning synchronization of complex networks with delayed nodes

Abstract

SummaryThis paper reveals the dynamical mechanism of synchronization in general complex networks with delayed nodes. It considers, in particular, the global synchronization of complex networks without assuming any symmetry in the coupling matrix by using pinning controllers. Sufficient conditions for global synchronization are obtained by suitably adding linear and adaptive feedback controllers to a certain sub‐collection of the nodes and numerical examples that are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theory. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.