Abstract
The article presents an analysis of the distribution and development of pink snow mold (pathogenMicrodochium nivale(Fr.) Samuels & I.C. Hallett) on winter cereal crops in the Republic of Belarus and in the South of Russia. Pink snow mold is currently one of the most harmful diseases of winter cereal crops, as it can cause damage not only to various parts of the plants, but also lead to their complete death. The intensity of the disease development mainly depends on weather conditions in the autumn-spring period, namely, on the duration of snow cover, its height and the rate of melting in spring. We determined the dependence of the disease development progress on agroclimatic conditions. There is a description of weather conditions in combination with a gradation of the disease development level in the Republic of Belarus and in Krasnodar Krai (southern Russia) during the epiphytotic and depressive years of the pink snow mold development. The article provides a retrospective analysis of the crops infected with pink snow mold and the treated cereal crops in southern Russia in 2011 -2019.
Highlights
Snow mold - Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels & I.C
In Krasnodar Krai, the analysis of the snow mold spreading was carried out using phytomonitoring data provided by the researchers of FSBSI ARRIBPP and the specialists from the FSBI Rosselkhoztsentr branches in 2011 - 2019 [23]
In 2015, 2017, 2018 and 2020, there was scarce pink snow mold spreading in spring, which is explained by the short-term duration of snow cover or its almost complete absence observed in 2019-2020 winter
Summary
Snow mold - Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels & I.C. Hallett (telemorphic stage – Monographella nivale (Schaffnit) E. Muller) is the pathogen of many complexes of destructive diseases of cereals and forage crops. The pathogen has a wide phylogenetic specialization. The reason for this was the high biological plasticity of M. nivale and the lack of organotropic confinement [3, 4]. The disease is widespread in Sweden, Germany, Poland, China, Austria, Central Europe, USA, Canada and Scandinavia [5]. The surveys in Belarus indicate the widespread prevalence of snow mold in winter cereal crops [6]. In Russia, the fungus is found in all areas of winter cereal crops cultivation: in the European part, in the North Caucasus, in Kabardino-
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