Abstract
This chapter focuses on Pāņinian linguistics. Pāņinian grammar (ca. 350 BC) seeks to provide a complete, maximally concise, and theoretically consistent analysis of Sanskrit grammatical structure. It is the foundation of all traditional and modern analyses of Sanskrit, as well as having great historical and theoretical interest in its own right. The grammar is based on the spoken language of Pāņini's time, and also gives rules on Vedic usage and on regional variants. The science of language in India probably has its ultimate intellectual roots in the richly developed science of ritual. The Astädhyäyī is formulated in a morphologically, syntactically, and lexically regimented form of Sanskrit. To maximize concision with a minimum of ambiguity, rules are compressed by systematically omitting repeated expressions from them, according to a procedure modeled on natural language syntax. Coordination and certain types of compounding are assigned standardized interpretations; and the nominal cases of the language are used in a conventional way to designate the elements of grammatical rules.
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