Pineapple–banana rotation reduced the amount of Fusarium oxysporum more than maize–banana rotation mainly through modulating fungal communities

Abstract

Continuous cropping with banana results in an enrichment of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (FOC) in soil, causing the soil-borne disease Fusarium wilt. Crop rotation has been an effective method of controlling various soil-borne diseases. However, no information is currently available concerning variations in soil microbial community structure in banana crop rotations. Thus, the influence of two-year crop rotation systems of pineapple–banana and maize–banana on the population density of FOC and soil microbial community structure was investigated to identify which rotation system is more effective in FOC suppression and differences in microbial community composition among different rotations. Bacterial and fungal communities were interrogated by pyrosequencing of the 16 S RNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The pineapple–banana rotation was more effective than maize–banana in reducing FOC abundances and suppressing Fusarium wilt disease incidence. Allelopathic effects of pineapple root exudates on FOC were not observed. Greater fungal community variations than bacterial were identified between the two rotation systems, suggesting that fungal communities may play a more important role in regulating FOC abundances. Furthermore, in the pineapple–banana rotation, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi phyla, Gp1, Gp2 and Burkholderia bacterial genera increased while the fungal phyla Basidiomycota, (esp. Gymnopilus) increased and Sordariomycetes decreased. Such changes may be important microbial factors in the decrease in FOC.