Abstract
Introduction: Pineal region tumors include a variety of neoplasms of different histological origin arising from the pineal gland itself and from structures of the parapineal area. It is a rare tumor which accounts for 0.4-1% of all intracranial tumors. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology, clinical presentation and histopathology of pineal region tumors at National Neurosurgical Referral Center, Nepal.
 Methods: This was a descriptive study of all cases of pineal region tumors which were operated between January 2013 and December 2019 at National Neurosurgical Referral Center, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital.
 Results: A total of 14 cases were operated during the study period. The mean age was 12 years (4-50 years) with male preponderance (64%). Most of these patients had clinical features of raised intracranial pressure due to obstructive hydrocephalus followed by oculomotor sign in the form of Perinaud syndrome and endocrine dysfunction. Most common histopathology was Pineoblastoma in our study (4 out of 14).
 Conclusion: Pineal region tumors are most commonly seen in adolescent age group. Most common symptoms were features of raised intra cranial pressure due to hydrocephalus followed by Perinaud syndrome. Pineal region tumors consist of diverse histopathological variants.
Highlights
3LQHDOUHJLRQWXPRUVLQFOXGHDYDULHW\RIQHRSODVPVRIGL൵HUHQWKLVWRORJLFDORULJLQDULVLQJ from the pineal gland itself and from structures of the parapineal area
Tumors of the pineal region represent a diverse collection of tumors which may involve the pineal gland itself and posterior portion of the third ventricle, tectum and aqueduct of the midbrain
Pineal region tumors account for 0.4-1% of all primary brain tumors and approximately two third of these tumors are malignant.[1,3,5,6]
Summary
It is a rare tumor which accounts for 0.4-1% of all intracranial tumors. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology, clinical presentation and histopathology of pineal region tumors at National Neurosurgical Referral Center, Nepal. Tumors of the pineal region represent a diverse collection of tumors which may involve the pineal gland itself and posterior portion of the third ventricle, tectum and aqueduct of the midbrain. The histological heterogeneity of WXPRUVLVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKYDVWO\GL൵HUHQWSURJQRVLVDQGUHÀHFWV the variety of cell types which present in this area. According WRWKH:RUOG+HDOWK2UJDQL]DWLRQ :+2 WXPRUFODVVL¿FDWLRQ pineal region tumors include four principal groups. Tumous of other histology (meningiomas, PNET, neurocytomas, haemangioblastomas, cavernomas and metastasis)
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