Abstract

This work presents the results of research on the thermo-chemical conversion of woody biomass–pine wood coming from lodzkie voivodship forests and sewage sludge from the Group Sewage Treatment Plant of the Łódź Urban Agglomeration. Laboratory scale analyses of the carbonization process were carried out, initially using the TGA technique (to assess activation energy (EA)), followed by a flow reactor operating at temperature levels of 280–525 °C. Both the parameters of carbonized solid biofuel and biochar as a carrier for fertilizer (proximate and ultimate analysis) and the quality of the torgas (VOC) were analyzed. Analysis of the pine wood and sewage sludge torrefaction process shows clearly that the optimum process temperature would be around 325–350 °C from a mass loss ratio and economical perspective. This paper shows clearly that woody biomass, such as pine wood and sewage sludge, is a very interesting material both for biofuel production and in further processing for biochar production, used not only as an energy carrier but also as a new type of carbon source in fertilizer mixtures.

Highlights

  • As a part of the European Union, Poland is a powerful participant in the new European Green Deal which will be a revolution from the point of view of the Polish energy sector

  • The authors mainly investigated the impact on the biomass of torrefaction temperature, mass loss, moisture content, Higher Heating Value (HHV), and VOC emission during the torrefaction process

  • The authors quantified various parameters of the pine wood torrefaction process and sewage sludge to be used as carbonized solid biofuels and as an additive for fertilizers

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Summary

Introduction

As a part of the European Union, Poland is a powerful participant in the new European Green Deal which will be a revolution from the point of view of the Polish energy sector. The Polish energy sector is confronted with significant issues. The primary issues confronting this sector include high energy consumption, insufficient infrastructure development, production and transportation of fuels and energy, extraction of external energy natural gas, and rising CO2 pricing. Measurements of the total volatile organic compounds from the process were carried out and the combustion data were determined for the torrefaction products obtained. Poland is at the forefront of Europe when it comes to forest area. The forest area in Poland is over 9.3 million ha.

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