Pincushion Distortion Correction in Position Sensitive Avalanche Photodiodes

Abstract

Position-sensitive avalanche photodiodes (PSAPDs) are a promising alternative to photomultiplier tubes for the development of a new generation of gamma-ray imagers. They are compact solid-state devices that provide high quantum efficiency and gain, and they can achieve precise positioning over relatively large surfaces with few readout channels. This key feature is obtained by Anger-logic event positioning from the signals of four corner anodes printed on a resistive layer covering one of the PSAPD surface. This readout scheme provides high degree of multiplexing for reading position and energy information from the device, but leads to pincushion distortion in the spatial information due to the nonlinear charge sharing pattern associated with the potential across the resistive layer. We have developed a method to reproduce and correct this distortion based on finite-element simulations of the readout configuration. The resistive layer and the anodes are represented by a two-dimensional array of resistors and this circuit is numerically solved to obtain the signal on the four anodes for different current injection nodes. The relation between the injection positions and the resulting Anger positions is modeled and then used to correct nonlinearities in events positions obtained experimentally. The algorithm was tested on 99mTc flood images of a 16times16 array of 0.4times0.4times4 mm3 CsI(TI) crystals and successfully restored the regular pattern. The correction procedure is fast and robust, and constitutes a step toward the realization of a low-cost, high-resolution gamma camera based on PSAPDs