Abstract
Background:Gemogenovatucel-T (Vigil) is a triple-function autologous tumor cell immunotherapy which expresses granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and decreases expression of furin and downstream TGF-β1 and TGF-β2. Vigil has suggested survival benefit in frontline maintenance ovarian cancer patients who are BRCA-wt. In addition, Vigil demonstrates relapse-free and overall survival advantage in homologous recombination-proficient patients with OC. Further evidence of clinical benefit and safety has been demonstrated in combination with atezolizumab.Methods:In this pilot study (NCT02725489), the concurrent combination of the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor durvalumab and Vigil was explored in advanced BRCA-wt relapsed triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients and stage III-IV recurrent/refractory OC patients. Patients received the combination regimen of Vigil (1 × 10e6-10e7 cells/dose intradermally, up to 12 doses) and durvalumab (1500 mg/dose intravenous infusion, up to 12 months) once every 4 weeks. The primary objective was to evaluate safety of this combination. The study included 13 BRCA-wt patients (TNBC, n = 8; OC, n = 5).Results:The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (⩾20%) in all patients included injection-site reaction (92.3%), myalgia (38.5%), bruise at injection site (23.1%), and pruritus (23.1%). Three grade 3 treatment-related adverse events were observed and related to durvalumab. There were no grade 4/5 treatment-related adverse events. Median progression-free survival was 7.1 months and the median overall survival was not reached. Prolonged progression-free survival was improved in patients with PD-L1+ tumors (n = 8, hazard ratio = 0.304, 95% confidence interval, 0.0593-1.56, 1-sided P = .04715) compared with those with PD-L1− tumors.Conclusions:Vigil plus durvalumab was well tolerated and showed promising clinical activity in advanced BRCA-wt TNBC and stage III-IV recurrent/refractory OC patients.
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