Pilot-Scale Protease Production by Bacillus sp. C4 for Silk Degumming Processes

Abstract

ABSTRACT The serine protease of Bacillus sp. C-4 has been reported as candidate proteases in the degumming process of the silk industry. The optimization of protease production by Bacillus sp. C4 was carried out using two-level fractional factorial and central composite designs. The investigation was followed by laboratory and pilot-scale protease production using molasses in batch and fed-batch bioreactors to reduce the production cost. The highest protease activity observed (1546.5 U/mL, equivalent to 34.4 U/mL/h) in a 5-L bioreactor was obtained under fed-batch fermentation compared with batch process. The production of protease was subsequently scaled up to a pilot-scale 300-L fed-batch bioreactor, and a maximum protease activity of 1260 U/mL (28 U/mL/h) was observed. The degumming efficiencies of the protease produced by Bacillus sp. C4 in the CCD and bioreactors were 88.3% and 81.6%, respectively, relative to the alkaline degumming method. Furthermore, the stability test of the protease showed that the addition of CaCl2 prolonged the stability of the protease activity from 4 to 8 weeks at room temperature. Furthermore, the protease can be conveniently preserved at room temperature for 1 month and at 4°C for more than 2 months without the addition of any chemicals/cryoprotectants.