Abstract
Enhanced utilization of defatted cottonseed meal (CSM)-based products as biobased raw materials would increase the profitability of cotton growers and processors. In this work, a multiple-step procedure that can be used to produce water washed cottonseed meal (WCSM) and a co-product water soluble cottonseed protein (CSPw) from CSM was tested at pilot scale. Alternatively, the procedure can also be used to produce CSPw, alkali soluble protein (CSPa) and the protein extracted insoluble residue (CSIR). The chemical composition of these pilot-produced products was generally comparable to that of the corresponding laboratory-prepared products. The fiber content was higher in the pilot-produced WCSM than in laboratory-produced product mainly due to the higher fiber content in the mill-based starting meal material used in the pilot trial. The protein content in the pilot-produced CSPw was only 64.4% of the solid matter, indicating that additional rinse is needed before drying the HCl-precipitated CSPw fraction. Per the yield and composition data, it was concluded that it was feasible to produce the four products WCSM, CSPw, CSPa, and CSIR from CSM in a large scale. Thus, adoption of this procedure would provide the necessary quantities for exploring the practical utilization of these products in biomaterial industry.
Highlights
As a crop of fiber source for textile globally, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is produced in more than 30 countries (Campbell et al, 2014)
17.3% of the starting cottonseed meal (CSM) was recovered as washed cottonseed meal (WCSM) by mass
The low yield of CSPw was partially due to the gyssopol effect as Berardi et al (1969) observed higher CSPw yield with glandless cottonseed meal than glanded meal, even though the CSPw could be extracted with more vigorous blending (He et al, 2013a)
Summary
As a crop of fiber source for textile globally, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is produced in more than 30 countries (Campbell et al, 2014). One of the potential value-added products is wood adhesive using water washed cottonseed meal (WCSM) (He et al, 2014a, 2014b, 2014c) or cottonseed protein isolate (CSPI) (Cheng et al, 2013). Previous work reported the laboratory (5-13 g starting material) procedures of water washing for WCSM preparation (He et al, 2014c) and sequential extraction-precipitation for obtaining water soluble cottonseed protein (CSPw), alkali soluble cottonseed protein (CSPa), and CSPI (He et al, 2013a) and their fluorescence characteristics (He et al, 2014e). Vol 10, No 2; 2016 alkali insoluble fraction (CSIR) (Figure 1) were practiced In this pilot experiment, the "real world" mill-produced CSM was used as the staring material that was not always the same in chemical composition as the laboratory-produced CSM (Table 1). Notes. † Data from He et al (2015). ‡ Data from He et al (2014c)
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