Abstract
Objective: This is the first report on the safety and clinical efficacy of a bone marrow mesenchymal cell extracellular vesicle isolate product (XoFlo™) to treat osteoarthritis (OA). Design, Setting, and Methods: Thirty-three Navy SEAL ..
Highlights
What causes the pain in osteoarthritis (OA)? The correlation between the imaging studies and reported pain is low
The synovium is of obvious relevance as the most densely innervated structure in the joint
Any decrease in synovitis is associated with a decrease in osteoarthritis pain severity [9]
Summary
What causes the pain in osteoarthritis (OA)? The correlation between the imaging studies and reported pain is low. What causes the pain in osteoarthritis (OA)? Articular cartilage has no direct nerve or blood supply. Articular cartilage itself is not capable of directly generating pain [1]. The synovium and joint capsule are richly innervated and likely the primary source of pain in patients with OA [2]. The synovium is of obvious relevance as the most densely innervated structure in the joint. Pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL1-β, IL6, and IL8, along with tumor necrosis factor, are known mediators of chronic inflammation and associated pain in OA [8]. A semiquantitative measure of infrapatellar fat pad synovitis is associated with pain severity. Any decrease in synovitis is associated with a decrease in osteoarthritis pain severity [9]
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