Abstract
This chapter provides a historical survey up to around 400ad and then evaluates the material for the task of constructing an appropriate Christian theology of pilgrimage for today. The message for Jerusalem seemed to be plain. These dramatic events vindicated the prophetic message of Jesus. They revealed that God’s purposes had now moved into a new phase and that Jerusalem no longer had any enduring significance. So the predominant Christian focus came to be on the ‘heavenly Jerusalem’. Paul had spoken in Galatians 4:26 of the ‘Jerusalem that is in strong contrast to his contemporary Jerusalem which he saw as in spiritual slavery; meanwhile the author of Hebrews had given his Jewish–Christian audience the goal of making pilgrimage to the ‘heavenly Jerusalem’. Jerusalem is once again on the map of the Christian conscience. In 451ad Bishop Juvenal will succeed in getting his see recognized as a fifth ‘patriarchate’.
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