Abstract
The demands on pile installation have increased dramatically in recent years in response to the threats from strong earthquakes, ice, and ship collision. Piles are being used for heavier loads and deeper penetrations in new environments and more remote areas. As a result, initial efforts at installation have frequently been unsuccessful. Geotechnical explorations have often been incomplete due to limited access and lack of initial funding. Contractors’ equipment has had to be changed and installation procedures modified. Case histories are presented, with descriptions of the difficulties encountered and their solutions. General guidance is provided as to preparedness with alternative equipment and procedures so as to minimize the time and cost of changes.
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