Abstract
Longju temple, located in Guanghan County, Sichuan province of China, is a Buddhist temple with great cultural significance. It has preserved polychrome relics since 1466 of the Ming dynasty. The deterioration of these ancient colored paintings is posing an extremely serious issue, it is exceptionally critical to propose an appropriate protection plan. In this paper, pigments and binding media were analyzed from ten polychrome samples collected from the central hall of Longju temple. A series of analysis methods were adopted, including the Raman spectrum, scanning electron microscopy–energy disperse spectrometer (EDS–SEM), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results demonstrate the existence of atacamite, azurite, carbon black, cinnabar, and gold in the color layer of the samples. Egg white, animal glue, and casein were found to be used as binders in the colored paintings. This study not only offered essential data for the follow-up protection and repair projects but also provided a reference to further explore the polychrome relics of other Buddhist temples in the Ming dynasty of China.
Highlights
Sichuan province, a prevailing Buddhist region in ancient China, has once developed a distinctive and unique art style of wall and board paintings in history
A comprehensive analysis was performed on the samples, which consisted of four methods: microscope, Raman spectrum, scanning electron microscopy–energy disperse spectrometer (SEM–EDS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Pigment analysis The results of the Raman and SEM–EDS are presented in Table 2 and discussed below
Summary
A prevailing Buddhist region in ancient China, has once developed a distinctive and unique art style of wall and board paintings in history. The Longju temple is one of the survived relics in the Ming dynasty and enjoys a high reputation among Buddhists in Sichuan.
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