Abstract
16 releases, centrally symmetrical by pairs and involving distances of displacement from 25 to 172 km, were conducted with homing pigeons pre-treated in different ways: FIL birds were, until few minutes before release, confined to containers ventilated with ambient air that had passed through filters consisting of activated charcoal. NOFIL birds were confined to containers ventilated with unfiltered air, either from departure at the loft onwards (4 experiments) or for at least 4 h at the release site (after transport under FIL conditions; 12 experiments). The olfactory epithelia of XYL birds were locally anaesthetized a few minutes before release, while NOXYL birds were not treated with xylocain. FIL/NOFIL conditions were combined with XYL/NOXYL conditions, resulting in 4 types of experimental treatment.
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