Piège diagnostique : l’ulcère de Marjolin d’apparition précoce, multiple ou récidivant. À propos d’une série de 8 patients (16 tumeurs) et revue de la littérature

Abstract

Marjolin's ulcer (MU) is a large entity representing skin cancers resulting from the transformation of chronic wounds of a heterogeneous nature. Burn scars are the most at risk of degeneration, in particular because there are the sites of important skin tension. Atypical forms are not uncommon. The objective of this study is to present these exceptions which are underestimated. All patients with UM in our centre between January 2011and February 2019have been included permitting to report the initial pathology, the location, the latency time, the histology and the management carried out. Eight patients were treated in our center for MU, they developed 16skin cancers. Fourteen were squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). The shortest latency period was 2months. The youngest patient was 22years old when she was diagnosed with MU. Three patients had at least 2synchronous SCC. One patient had a recurrence after a split-thickness skin grafting on artificial dermis and 2patients had second locations. Atypic forms are not rare. MU is commonly recurrent, multiple, early arising and may appear in young people. The treatment of chronic wounds cannot be dissociated from the treatment of contractures, otherwise the wound will inevitably reappear.