Abstract
Although sodium bismuth titanate-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics are a good substitute for lead oxide-based piezoelectric ceramics, their piezoelectric properties are still inferior to those of lead oxide-based ceramics. In this paper, the variation of piezoelectricity of sodium bismuth titanate-barium titanate (NBBT) ceramics after high temperature reduction was researched. A kind of ceramic with piezoelectric and flexoelectric properties was obtained by reducing one surface of ceramics at a high temperature. The relationship between the reduction structure and piezoelectric properties was studied by analyzing the crystal structure and microstructure of the original samples and the reduced samples. It was found that the piezoelectricity of NBBT was improved after reduction, in which the piezoelectric constant d33 reached 133 pC/N, while it was 120 pC/N before reduction. The maximum displacement of the bipolar strain curve increased 50% after reduction. The change of properties is attributed to the combination of the flexoelectric effect generated by the reduction and the original piezoelectric effect.
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