Abstract
Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (1−x)K0.47Na0.47Li0.06NbO3–xNaSbO3 have been prepared by a conventional solid-state sintering technique. Our results reveal that NaSbO3 diffuses into the K0.5Na0.5NbO3 lattices to form a solid solution with a perovskite structure. After the addition of NaSbO3, both the paraelectric cubic–ferroelectric tetragonal and ferroelectric tetragonal–ferroelectric orthorhombic phase transition temperatures decrease. Coexistence of the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases is formed in the ceramics with x=0.04–0.10 at room temperature. In addition to the increase of the Na+/K+ ratio and the strong covalence of Sb, the piezoelectricity of the ceramics is improved. For the ceramic with x=0.09, the piezoelectric properties become optimum, giving a piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 305 pC/N, and electromechanical coupling factors kp and kt of 0.51. The ceramics also exhibit excellent performance in transducer applications, indicating that the ceramics are ready for replacing lead-containing ceramics in practical applications.
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