Abstract
This paper discusses technologies used to harvest energies from in-vivo environment. The discussion mainly concentrated on nanogenerators based on Piezoelectric nanowires which are employed for converting biomechanical energy (such as muscle stretching), vibration energy (such as heart rate sound, sound waves) and biohydraulic energy (such as blood flow, contraction of blood vessel) into electric energy. At the end this paper studies an approach for harvesting biomechanical and biochemical energies from living organisms simultaneously. This system, by using aligned nanowire arrays, can power medical nanosystems and nanodevices through converting vibration, biomechanical and biohydrulic energies into electricity. On the other hand by using biofuel cell structure, this hybrid cell can convert biochemical (glucose/O2) energy in biofluid into electricity. This technology can provide adequate power required for feeding nanodevices and nanosystems or at least to indirectly charge battery of the device. This technology can provide a sound basis for designing wireless self-powered nanodevices with direct energy harvesting from in-vivo environment.
Highlights
Exploring renewable, sustainable and green energy resources is the most critical challenge to sustainable development of human civilization [1]
Developing nanotechnology that harvests energy from the environment without using battery to self-power these nanodevices is a key advantage of self powered nanosystems [2]
This paper considers new implements based on Piezoelectric nanowires for producing electricity from in-vivo environment.For medical nanosystems and nanodevices, the best approach is hybrid cell with the ability to harvest biomechanical and biochemical energy simultaneously from the in-vivo environment
Summary
Sustainable and green energy resources is the most critical challenge to sustainable development of human civilization [1]. For example an implanted wireless biosensor, includes a power source, which may be provided directly or indirectly by charging a battery. Developing nanotechnology that harvests energy from the environment without using battery to self-power these nanodevices is a key advantage of self powered nanosystems [2]. A key advantage of nanodevices and nanosystems is that they usually operate at a very low power in the range from nW to μW. A human body provides numerous potential power sources including biomechanical energy, vibration energy, chemical energy (glucose), and hydraulic energy. 2. Piezoelectric Nanowire Based Nanogenerator Researchers in nanotechnology science are presenting innovative nanotechnologies for converting mechanical energy (such as body movement, muscle stretching), vibration energy
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