PI3Kγ contributes to MEK1/2 activation in oxidative glutamate toxicity via PDK1

Abstract

The role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in oxidative glutamate toxicity is not clear. Here, we investigate its role in HT22 mouse hippocampal cells and primary cortical neuronal cultures, showing that inhibitors of PI3K, LY294002, and wortmannin suppress extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) generation and increase cell survival during glutamate toxicity in HT22 cells. The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 also reduced glutamate-induced H₂O₂ generation and inhibited phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. LY294002 was seen to abolish phosphorylation of both ERK1/2 and Akt. A small interfering RNA (siRNA) study showed that PI3Kβ and PI3Kγ, rather than PI3Kα and PI3Kδ, contribute to glutamate-induced H₂O₂ generation and cell death. PI3Kγ knockdown also inhibited glutamate-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas transfection with the constitutively active form of human PI3Kγ (PI3Kγ-CAAX) triggered MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and H₂O₂ generation without glutamate exposure. This H₂O₂ generation was reduced by inhibition of MEK. Transfection with kinase-dead 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1-KD) reduced glutamate-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and H₂O₂ generation. Accordingly, cotransfection of cells with PDK1-KD and PI3Kγ-CAAX suppressed PI3Kγ-CAAX-triggered ERK1/2 phosphorylation and H₂O₂ generation. These results suggest that activation of PI3Kγ induces ERK1/2 phosphorylation, leading to extracellular H₂O₂ generation via PDK1 in oxidative glutamate toxicity.