Abstract
pi -/ pi + ratios for subthreshold pion production in heavy-ion collisions for various beam energies ranging from 86 MeV/nucleon to 246 MeV/nucleon and for various projectile-target combinations are calculated in the framework of the cooperative model where the distortion of the emitted charged pions by the remaining nuclear charges is incorporated within a covariant formulation. The experimentally observed main features of this ratio can be explained reasonably well by this model.
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