Abstract
This study was aimed to determine a phytotoxicity experiment with kerosene as a model of a total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPHs) as Kerosene pollutant at different concentrations (1% and 6%) with aeration rate (0 and 1 L/min) and retention time (7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days), was carried out in a subsurface flow system (SSF) on the Barley wetland. It was noted that greatest elimination 95.7% recorded at 1% kerosene levels and aeration rate 1L / min after a period of 42 days of exposure; whereas it was 47% in the control test without plants. Furthermore, the percent of elimination efficiencies of hydrocarbons from the soil was ranged between 34.155%-95.7% for all TPHs (Kerosene) concentrations at aeration rate (0 and 1 L/min). The Barley could efficiently encourage the degradation of complete total petroleum hydrocarbons depending to plant growth parameters when the kerosene level in water was up to 1%. A rhizobacetria attached with Barley roots played a major role in biodegradation of Kerosene in contaminated soil when the initial kerosene concentration was 1%. This study also revealed that Barley and rhizobacteria can reclaim hydrocarbon-polluted water in a subsurface flow system.
Highlights
The most causes to the pollution of refined oil is from accidental spills, leakages from containers, pipes, joints and land disposal of petroleum wastes in addition, the extraction, transportation and crude oil refining causes substantial ecological contamination and refining crude oil causes significant pollution of the environment [29]
This study revealed that Barley and rhizobacteria can reclaim hydrocarbon-polluted water in a subsurface flow system
Phytoremediation is a technique that can be applied to many remediation treatments as phytoremediation has been not overlapped with the ecosystem, so it needs a small amount of work and is, cheap compared with conventional physical-chemical methods
Summary
The most causes to the pollution of refined oil is from accidental spills, leakages from containers, pipes, joints and land disposal of petroleum wastes in addition, the extraction, transportation and crude oil refining causes substantial ecological contamination and refining crude oil causes significant pollution of the environment [29]. Liquid and gaseous waste comprising several pollutants, including hydrocarbons, heavy metals, organic solvents, various anthropogenic activities have adversely impacted significant environmental components (air, water, soil, biota) [28]. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments comparing germination and growth of distinct crops in contaminated soils with TPHs and assisting to choose the most appropriate crops at farm level are crucial for assessing their impacts on levels of pollutants. Who tested soils contaminated with 74.12±3.50 g kg-1 D.M. of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in pot experiment and used the common flax (Linum usitatissimum). Some researchers [33] studied petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils with a primary levels of 40000 ppm in a pot experiment and selected two plants (Sorghum and common flax). Results showed that contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons considerably lowered the development (growth) of the plants tested. The aim of this research was to determine Kerosene's phytotoxicity impacts on Barley plants and its tolerated and withdrawn hydrocarbons from wastewater
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