Abstract
Accumulation of micro-plastics (MPs) in the environment has resulted in various ecological and health concerns. Nowadays, however, studies are mainly focused on toxicity of MPs on aquatic organisms, but only a few studies assess the toxic effects of micro-plastics on terrestrial plants, especially edible agricultural crops. The present study was aimed to investigate the adverse effects of polyethylene (PE) microplastics on the germination of two common food crops of China, i.e., soybean (Glycine max) and mung bean (Vigna radiata). Both the crops were treated with polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) of two sizes (6.5 μm and 13 μm) with six different concentrations (0, 10, 50, 100, 200, and 500 mg/L). Parameters studied were (i) seed vigor (e.g., germination energy, germination index, vigor index, mean germination speed, germination rate); (ii) morphology (e.g., root length, shoot length) and (iii) dry weight. It was found that the phyto-toxicity of PE-MPs to soybean (Glycine max) was greater than that of mung bean (Vigna radiata). On the 3rd day, the dry weight of soybean was inhibited at different concentrations as compared to the control and the inhibition showed decline with the increase in the concentration of PE-MPs. After the 7th day, the root length of soybean was inhibited by PE-MPs of 13 μm size, and the inhibition degree was positively correlated with the concentration, whereas the root length of mung bean was increased, and the promotion degree was positively correlated with the concentration. Present study indicated the necessity to explore the hazardous effects of different sizes of PE-MPs on the growth and germination process of agricultural crops. Additionally, our results can provide theoretical basis and data support for further investigation on the toxicity of PE-MPs to soybean and mung bean.
Highlights
The present research highlighted that different sizes of polyethylene MPs can affect the germination and growth soybean (Glycine max)sizes and of mung bean
The present researchof highlighted that different polyethylene can affect the germination and growth of soybeanthe (Glycine max) and mung bean
In contrast to the unapparent effect of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) on mung bean, germination energy, germination index, and vigor index of soybean were decreased when exposed to PE-MPs
Summary
Due to high hydrophobicity and large surface area of MPs, they have become carrier for pathogens and many other pollutants [15,16] They have been ingested by many organisms through food chain, which results in negative effects on ecosystem and human health [1,17,18]. Another study by Rehse et al [25] showed the effects of BPA present in non-suspended (aggregated at the water surface) polyamide MP particles on freshwater zooplankton (Daphnia magna) and its absorption in plastic fragments from remote coasts and open ocean shores. The researches on the physiological toxicity of MPs have been concentrated on aquatic organisms, there is a huge lack of experiments probing into the MPs effects on the different growth indexes of terrestrial plants [38,39]. What are the differences between two studied species in response to applied MPs?
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