Abstract
In a variety of cancers chronic inflammation is the starting point for the development of invasive and aggressive tumours and lymphomas. Clinical examples include gastric lymphoma, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, cervical cancer, head and neck cancers and lung cancer. Phytochemicals have long been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of chronic diseases in which chronic inflammation is involved. Plants with a high potential of anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antiangiogenetic properties include Boswellia serrata, Artemisia annua, Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinalis and Panax ginseng. In a number of preclinical studies the molecular mechanisms of action of most of these plants have been elucidated and include inhibition of cyclooxygenase pathways, 5-lipoxygenase pathways, NF-Kappa-B-inhibition and involvement of Toll-like receptors. B. serrata and C. longa are amongst the most promising plant extracts with anti-inflammatory, apoptotic and antiangiogenetic properties for the integrative treatment of cancer to be used in the future.
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