Phytosynthesis and Characterization of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles using the Aqueous Extract of Beta vulgaris L and Evaluation of their Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities

Abstract

With an objective of developing sustainable metallic nanoparticles from bioresources, intended for biomedical applications; herein we have fabricated copper oxide nanoparticles through a green chemistry approach. Copper oxide nanoparticles (BvCuONPs) were successfully achieved from an aqueous extract of Beta vulgaris. Synthesized BvCuONPs measure absorbance at 310 nm in UV–Visible Spectrophotometer which is characteristic of copper oxide nanoparticles. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) identified the responsible functional groups involved in reducing and stabilizing BvCuONPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) energy dispersive analysis spectroscopy (EDAX) displayed the morphology; crystalline phase and elemental composition of BvCuONPs. Further, we have performed the antibacterial activity of BvCuONPs against tested pathogens. Subsequently, we performed anticancer efficacy of BvCuONPs in A549 cells through cell viability assay and BvCuONPs induce apoptosis in A549 cell line with an IC50 value 25 µg/mL. In addition, BvCuONPs arrest cell cycle in G2/M phase in A549 cells; revealed by flow cytometer analysis. Therefore, it is presumed that BvCuONPs could be developed as a nano drug for infectious diseases and tumor studies.