Phytosociological Data in Assessment of Anthropogenic Changes in Vegetation of Rzeszów Reservoir

Maria Ziaja,Małgorzata Wrzesień,Tomasz Wójcik

doi:10.3390/su13169071

Maria Ziaja, Małgorzata Wrzesień + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169071

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Abstract

Phytosociological research on aquatic and marsh vegetation was conducted in Rzeszów Reservoir (SE Poland): 134 relevés according to the Braun-Blanquet method were collected there in 2016 and compared to 91 relevés published in 1994 (225 relevés in total). Changes in vegetation type, diversity measures, species composition, and Ellenberg Indicator Values (EIVs) for light, moisture, reaction, and nitrogen were analysed. Over the 22 years (1994–2016), the greatest changes were noted in communities of the classes Lemnetea and Potametea and the alliance Salicion albae. The long-term observations demonstrated the disappearance of 14 phytocoenoses and the occurrence of 12 new ones. An expansion of marsh communities (Typhetum latifoliae, Typhetum angustifoliae, Glycerietum maximae, Leersietum oryzoidis) was noted, causing a decline of several species and vegetation types. According to canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), four environmental variables (light, moisture, nitrogen, and pH) were related to plant distribution. The strong disturbances reflected in intensive eutrophication were due to human activity, which is the main factor shaping the ecological succession and overgrowing of the reservoir.

Highlights

Reservoirs, as artificial water bodies, play an important role in the human economy and at the same time they are extremely valuable components of the natural environment, they have mostly been built by the damming of rivers [1,2]
Water and marsh ecosystems are of particular importance in the urban landscape. They are a habitat for many plant species, including protected and rare ones, and maintaining a diverse landscape is important for improving local biodiversity [6]
Changes that occur as a result of human activity in aquatic ecosystems contribute to the degradation of these areas, and as a result, the withdrawal of species with narrow ecological requirements and the impoverishment of the flora

Summary

Introduction

Reservoirs, as artificial water bodies, play an important role in the human economy and at the same time they are extremely valuable components of the natural environment, they have mostly been built by the damming of rivers [1,2]. They have changed the original river habitat considerably, not corresponding to flowing waters but more resembling natural lakes. Water and marsh ecosystems are of particular importance in the urban landscape They are a habitat for many plant species, including protected and rare ones, and maintaining a diverse landscape is important for improving local biodiversity [6]. Changes that occur as a result of human activity in aquatic ecosystems contribute to the degradation of these areas, and as a result, the withdrawal of species with narrow ecological requirements and the impoverishment of the flora

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