Phytosanitary products from agriculture associated with the development of bladder cancer among farm owners and farm workers: a systematic review

Abstract

Context. Increased bladder cancer prevalence among farm owners and farm workers has been linked to high use of phytosanitary agents in agricultural activities. These results suggested that exposure to phytosanitary products and the risk of bladder cancer may be related.Objective. Examining the connection between phytosanitary products and the risk of bladder cancer was the goal of the current systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods. Through PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science, a thorough literature searches of works updated to 2022 was carried out. The estimates of odd ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals for the highest versus the lowest exposure to pesticide were compiled using fixed- or random-effect models. A prevalence meta-analysis was performed using Cochrane Revman Software.Results. According to the pooled OR estimates, exposure to phytosanitary conditions was linked to a higher risk of bladder cancer (OR 1.59; 95 % confidence interval 0.51–5.02). Results in the cohort and case–control groups both showed a connection.Conclusion. According to the majority of studies, exposure to phytosanitary agents and the risk of bladder cancer are directly correlated. According to certain research, smoking may increase the risk of bladder cancer.