PHYTOSANITARY CONTROL OF CYST NEMATODES IN AGROBIOCENOSIS

Abstract

In order to prevent the accumulation of the population of cyst nematodes, the saturation of crop rotations by host plants should not exceed: cereal grains – 40%, beets, canola and other oil-bearing cabbage – 20%, perennial grasses – 20%, potatoes – 15%. Growing potatoes in monoculture, and cereal grains in repeated crops or with an annual break, causes an increase in the level of population of the soil of golden potato and oat nematodes. In order to avoid re-placement of related crops, it is advisable to saturate crop rotations with short rotation with intermediate cabbage (oilseed radish, mustard) for green fodder or green manureates with short periods of their growing season. In fields populated with cyst nematodes, it is advisable to give preference to a combined tillage system: combine tail cultivation for industrial and tilled crops with tailless cultivation for other crops. Compliance with a balanced organo-mineral nutrition of agricultural crops is one of the main factors for increasing their endurance to cyst nematodes. The application of phosphate and potash fertilizers in rates exceeding the recommended by 10–25%, optimized the mineral nutrition of plants in the foci of heteroderosis, and also increased their resistance to abiotic stress factors. Attraction of crop production by-products to the circulation had a positive effect on the activation of the vital activity of natural cyst nematode antagonists. Foliar nutrition of potatoes with biovit and non-chlorine universal fertilizer Foliare, as well as the use of growth regulators in the period of the mass appearance of females on nematode roots, increased the adaptability of plants to stressful conditions of different nature.