Phytoremediation potential of Beta vulgaris L. (Swiss chard) using soil from the vicinity of Kette-Batouri Goldmine (Eastern Cameroon)

Abstract

• Phytoremediation potential of Swiss chard was evaluated using soils from the goldmine region of Eastern Cameroon. • Translocation and bioaccumulation factors of greenhouse-grown plants were calculated. • Pb, Al and Ba recorded higher concentrations in the roots than in the shoots. • Swiss chard could be used for applied phytoremediation strategies. The current study investigated the growth, uptake and distribution of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in Swiss chard ( Beta vulgaris L) grown in soil collected from two sites near Kette-Batouri Goldmines, Eastern Cameroon. Seeds were germinated and grown in the two soil types for 12 weeks under greenhouse conditions. The length of the roots and shoots were significantly affected by the soil type. Thereafter, PHEs in the plant organs were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The translocation factor (TF) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of greenhouse-grown Swiss chard were calculated. The order of abundance of PHEs in Soil 1 were: Fe >Al >Ba >Pb >Mg and in Soil 2 were: Al >Fe >Ba >Mg >Pb. Pb, Al and Ba had higher concentrations in the roots compared to the shoots of Swiss chard. Mg, Fe and Ba had TF and BAF >1 with Mg having the highest TF and BAF. The current findings add to a better understanding of elemental uptake by plants from soils. This will assist with in situ phyto-technology that can be crafted into tools for educating farmers and locals within the mining vicinity. Such knowledge will guide their choice of appropriate reclamation and restoration of soil health for sustainable agriculture.