Abstract
The phytoremediation potential of three bamboo species, i.e. Bambusa merilliana, Bambusa blumeana, and Dendrocalamus asper, were evaluated for their total Cu uptake ability in hydroponics. Dendrocalamus asper proved to be the most efficient in terms of Cu phytoremediating potential with a constant positive uptake of 80 μM in a contaminated substrate and a bioconcentration factor of 50.57. Copper accumulation was found to concentrate the most in the roots compared to the amount translocated in the shoots. Analysis of the Cu uptake of D. asper roots at varying concentrations of Cu contamination (40, 80 and 120 μM) allowed for the fitting of the kinetics of Cu uptake and removal with existing kinetic models. The rate of copper removal per mass of plant was the best for the 0th order model in the 80 μM solution with an R2 of 0.954 and rate constant of 3.136 mg-kg−1d−1. The accumulation of Cu within the roots on day 7 (7d) followed the Michaelis–Menten model with an R2 of 0.970. The Michaelis–Menten constant (KM) was 4.87 mg/L and maximum accumulation velocity (Vmax) was 66.26 mg Cu-kg−1-day−1. Results suggest that D. asper is a potential hyperaccumulator plant that can be used in clean-up of domestic and industrial wastes present along river systems in the Philippines.
Highlights
Rapid industrialization and the accelerated growth of industrial activities have brought about demand for various products that contain toxic and hazardous chemicals such as heavy metals (HMs) or potentially toxic elements (PTEs)
The nutrient solution used for this experiment was the Simple Nutrient Addition Program (SNAP) solution developed by the Soil Science Department of the University of the Philippines Los Ban~os (UPLB)
It can be observed that 7d after the addition of Cu, only the D. asper exhibited a consistently positive Cu uptake while B. blumeana and B. merilliana lie in the negative plane indicating that the Cu concentration in the plant tissues may have been too low to be detected
Summary
Rapid industrialization and the accelerated growth of industrial activities have brought about demand for various products that contain toxic and hazardous chemicals such as heavy metals (HMs) or potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Bamboo is a fast-growing species that meets the demands for high biomass production which could facilitate the immediate removal of toxic metals from the water or soil. The nutrient supply can be controlled and adapted over time as needed, which is important for the kinetic measurements It could be useful in determining the possibility of using bamboo in the treatment of wastewater which is a very common pollutant in the Philippines. The kinetics of both contaminant removal and contaminant accumulation within the plant were studied and fitted to existing models from the literature (Arcilla et al, 2017a). Determination of the kinetic models in the study will allow for the application of the plant in phytoremediation as knowledge of the kinetic parameters will determine the planting set up for application in remediation
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