Phytoremediation of wastewater from Al-Hindiyah district sewage water treatment plant

Abstract

This study was conducted with the aim of applying Phytoremediation technology in order to identify the efficiency of Ceratophyllum demersum L. for improving the quality of wastewater discharging from tank of Al-Hindiyah district sewage water treatment plant in Karbala Governorate and included treatment before entering the water to the plant and treatment after its exit from secondary sedimentation without sterilization and with sterilization.The results showed that the temperatures were lower in the water treated with plants compared to the water in the control treatment. As for the pH, it was observed to increase by increasing the time period of the alkaline side in all treatments. As for the total dissolved solids (TDS) an increase in their values was observed in the C. demersum containers reaching (2515.3, 2208.5 and 2451.6) mg / L., for the pre-entry treatment and the post-entry treatment without sterilization and the post-entry treatment with sterilization and they differed Significantly with the control treatment without plant. C. demersum plant did not record efficiency in reducing the values of Electrical conductivity in all parameters, but on the contrary it values increased in the end of treatment. As for total hardness, C. demersum plant recorded the highest reduction rate after 9 days of Phytoremediation, and for calcium hardness, it decreased after the Phytoremediation. As for the reduced rates of magnesium hardness it increased on days 3, 6 and 9, after that no reduction rate was recorded in days 12. And 15 for all treatments. The results also showed that the C. demersum plant has a high efficiency in reducing nitrite concentrations throughout the treatment period, and it recorded the highest reduction rate after 12 days of treatment. As for the reduction of nitrate values, the highest reduction rate was reached after 12 days of treatment with (82.58, 84.65 and 91.45)% for the pre-entry treatment and post-entry treatment without sterilization and post-entry treatment with sterilization, respectively and they differed Significantly with the control treatment without plant.As for the efficiency of the C. demersum plant in removing the Cadmium, the removal rate reached (89.64, 96.64 and 84.58)%, and for its efficiency in removing Nickel it reached (84.90, 85.65 and 60.77)% and for its efficiency in removing the Lead, it reached (83.93, 92.87 and 73.98) % After 12 days of plant treatment in pre-entry and post-entry treatment without sterilization and post-entry treatment with sterilization, respectively. C. demersum plant showed an effective role in reducing Cd, Pb and Ni based on the accumulation of these metals in the tissues of the plant at the end of the treatment, as the rate of Cd accumulation in the C. demersum plant reached (73.58, 52.74 and 51.34) μg /g, and the rate of accumulation of the Pb metal in the tissues of the C. demersum plant (90.52, 70.66, and 69.31) μg /g and for Ni metal, the rate of accumulation in the C. demersum plant was (93.43, 85.51 and 84.37) μg /g for each of plants treatment in pre-entry and post-entry treatment without sterilization and post-entry treatment with sterilization, respectively.