Abstract
The removal of contaminants from sewage wastewater through constructed wetlands is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. Constructed wetland (CW) is a man-made structure for wastewater treatment that uses natural processes associated with wetland vegetation, soils, and their associated microbial combinations. This study investigated the performance of experimental vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) cells to remove heavy metals (HMs) from primary treated sewage. The primary treated sewage was collected from the sewage treatment plant (STP) in the campus of Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India. Sewage wastewater samples were collected from all cells of the experimental VFCW and analyzed for four heavy metals (Zn, Fe, Cu, and Cr). The plant species results show that the removal efficiency of the Canna indica L. for Zn, Fe, Cu, and Cr was 95%, 92%, 96%, and 93 % and Acorus calamus L.were 89 %, 80 %, 91 %, and 47 % respectively. These macrophytes with the substrate (gravel and sand) have presented a wide range of tolerance to all the selected metals and therefore can be used for field-scale constructed wetland removal of heavy metals from sewage wastewater.
Highlights
Heavy metal contamination of water resources has become a serious concern throughout the world
Performance of vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) Cells through different Macrophytes The primary treated sewage wastewater spiked with four Heavy metals (HMs) (Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn) having a concentration of 5 mg L-1 was used as an influent source in VFCW cell
The present study had shown the effective treatment of sewage mixed HMs through experimental VFCW cells planted with two macrophytic species C. indica and A. calamus
Summary
Heavy metal contamination of water resources has become a serious concern throughout the world. Heavy metals (HMs) may pose a threat to the environment because of their highly toxic and persistent nature.[1] Effluents from household and CONTACT Virendra Kumar Mishra. Industrial units are directly discharged into sewerage or drainage system contaminating surface and groundwater. This mixture of domestic and industrial effluents containing HMs is highly complex in nature[2] and reaches sewage treatment plants for treatment. If the treated wastewater is utilized for such purposes it can lead to the accumulation of HMs in soil and vegetation and may pose health hazards.[5, 6]
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