Abstract
The use of plants to treat BTEX has been widely studied. Plants can uptake and transform these compounds with cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and dioxygenase enzymes. These enzymes degrade BTEX to low-molecular-weight molecules such as organic acid and amino acids. Factors affecting BTEX-contaminated air removal include stomata, cuticular wax, photosynthesis, pollutant molecular size, plant species, etc. It was found that chloroplasts play an important role in the detoxification process of organic pollutants because photosynthesis on chloroplasts could produce electron donors including NADH and NADPH which activate P450 monooxygenase. C3 and C4 plants could uptake BTEX under light conditions better than under dark conditions. The stomata opening and the quantity and composition of cuticular wax on the leaf are involved in BTEX removal. The composition of wax was more important than the quantity of wax in BTEX adsorption. The results showed that alpha-linoleic acid was an important fatty acid affecting BTEX adsorption. In addition, a mixture of facultative CAM, CAM, and C3/C4 plant is better than only C3, C4, CAM plants alone to treat organic contaminated air.
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