Abstract
Contamination of the environment by heavy metals is one of the major environmental issues which has drawn the attention of researchers globally owing to its grave threat to life especially as it concerns agriculture and water resources. Various human health risks are connected to heavy metals owing to their interrelationship with the food chain. To control this menace, different techniques including chemical, physical, and biological, have been exploited for effective heavy metals and metalloids removal from soils. Among these techniques, phytoremediation is an efficient and cost-effective green technology for heavy metals harvesting from both soil and water environments. This chapter, therefore, discusses phytoremediation as an effective multifaceted process that incorporates the significant effects and activities of both plants and some relevant microorganisms to decontaminate heavy metal polluted soil and water environments. Various mechanisms, recent advances, associated factors and challenges, innovative approaches, and possible future trends for the optimization of phytoremediation of heavy metals are equally discussed.
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