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Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in natural therapies to prevent or treat female diseases. In particular, many studies have focused on searching natural compounds with less side effects than standard hormonal therapies. While phytoestrogen-based therapies have been extensively studied, treatments with phytoprogestins reported in the literature are very rare. In this review, we focused on compounds of natural origin, which have progestin effects and that could be good candidates for preventing and treating female diseases. We identified the following phytoprogestins: kaempferol, apigenin, luteolin, and naringenin. In vitro studies showed promising results such as the antitumoral effects of kaempferol, apigenin and luteolin, and the anti-fibrotic effects of naringenin. Although limited data are available, it seems that phytoprogestins could be a promising tool for preventing and treating hormone-dependent diseases.
Highlights
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in alternative and natural methods for the prevention or treatment of female diseases
We briefly review the pharmacological mechanisms of progesterone receptor activation and progesterone-based therapies in order to provide a background to the discussion of phytoprogestins
Studies in mice have shown that the elimination of the PRB isoform resulted in the unhealthy development of the mammary gland [31], while the elimination of protein isoforms A (PRA) caused an abnormal development of the uterus and impaired its reproductive function [32]
Summary
There has been an increasing interest in alternative and natural methods for the prevention or treatment of female diseases. Many studies have focused on searching for adequate compounds with less side effects than standard hormonal therapies. Phytochemicals are chemical compounds of natural origin that can be used as therapeutic or preventive agents. Nutraceutical compounds can exert their effects on health in different ways, including through hormonal activity. Phytoestrogens and phytoprogestins are phytochemical compounds of natural origin, which have estrogenic and progestagenic effects, respectively [8,9]. We decided to review the current evidence supporting the preventive and therapeutic effects of phytoprogestins in female diseases
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