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Abstract
In 2018-2019, grape leaf samples with symptoms of yellowing (reddening) and leaf rolling collected from grapevines of different regions of Crimea were tested for the presence of phytoplasma using the “nested”PCR with primer pairs P1/16S-Sr and R16F2n/R16R2. Phytoplasmas were detected in 91% grape samples of 2018 and 46% samples of 2019. Genotyping performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for three genes: ribosomal (16S rRNA), the tuf gene encoding the elongation factor EF-Tu, and the vmp1 gene encoding a membrane protein, showed that the phytoplasmas isolated from all samples were related to the species Candidatus Phytoplasma solani, type “b”. Polymorphism was observed only for the vmp1 gene. The electrophoretic profiles of grape phytoplasma of 2018 (‘Chardonnay’ variety) differed from those of grape phytoplasma of 2019 (‘Pinot Noir’ and ‘Verdelho’ varieties), as well as from the profiles published in well-known works, which indicates the genetic diversity.
Highlights
Yellows caused by phytoplasmas are among the most common and harmful diseases of grapes
Bois Noir Phytoplasma (BN) is associated with phytoplasma of the stolbur group, subgroup 16SrXII-A Candidatus Phytoplasma solani, the symptoms of which are yellowing or reddening of leaves and leaf blade rolling inwards are similar with Flavescence Dorée (FD)
Grape leaves with symptoms of disease were collected from different parts of vineyards of the South Coast of Crimea (SCC)
Summary
Yellows caused by phytoplasmas are among the most common and harmful diseases of grapes. Phytoplasmas are bacteria without a cell wall They parasitize in cells of plant phloem and are carried by insects of Hemiptera order, Auchenorrhyncha and Sternorrhyncha suborders. The most dangerous phytoplasma diseases in the main grape growing areas of Europe are the Grapevine Flavescence Dorée (FD) and the Bois Noir Phytoplasma (BN). Both diseases are common in the same European countries of viticulture, but FD is a quarantine object. This disease caused by phytoplasma of the group 16SrV has not been identified in Russia yet.
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