Abstract
Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) is one of the most common causes of hepatitis, and may lead to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 296 million people worldwide are carriers of the hepatitis B virus. Various nucleos(t)ide analogs, which specifically suppress viral replication, are the main treatment agents for HBV infection. However, the development of drug-resistant HBV strains due to viral genomic mutations in genes encoding the polymerase protein is a major obstacle to HBV treatment. In addition, adverse effects can occur in patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogs. Thus, alternative anti-HBV drugs of plant origin are being investigated as they exhibit excellent safety profiles and have few or no side effects. In this study, phytomedicines/phytochemicals exerting significant inhibitory effects on HBV by interfering with its replication were reviewed based on different compound groups. In addition, the chemical structures of these compounds were developed. This will facilitate their commercial synthesis and further investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying their effects. The limitations of compounds previously screened for their anti-HBV effect, as well as future approaches to anti-HBV research, have also been discussed.
Highlights
Introduction distributed under the terms andHepatitis B infection, which is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), is a common life-threatening, infectious disease that affects the liver
The results showed that the Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) vaccine is effective even 20 years after vaccination [13]
Sci. 2022, 23, 1617 origin and their effects against HBV DNA replication, and we reviewed them thoroughly
Summary
Terpenes are linear or cyclic compounds consisting of five-carbon isoprene basic structural units (saturated or unsaturated). A triterpenoid saponin (1) was extracted from the Tibetan herb, Potentilla anserina, using ethanol, and its in vivo anti-HBV effects were evaluated in Peking ducklings. Lupane-type triterpenoids, including betulinic acid (12), were isolated from T. conophorum seeds, characterized, and their anti-HBV effects were investigated in rat models and HepG2 cells. These compounds showed hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities, which may be due to their interaction with HBV, as the compounds exhibited high binding affinities for the virus [34]
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