Phytolith analysis as a means of cellulosic fibre identification: Silica bodies and calcium oxalate crystals in Agave genera (cantala, maguey and sisalana, sisal), Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud. (ramie), Cannabis sativa L. (hemp), Corchorus capsularis L. (jute) and Musa textilis Nee (abaca, or Manila hemp)

Abstract

Evaluates phytolith analysis as a means of cellulosic fiber identification for use by conservators. Seven methods of phytolith distillation are evaluated, and the phytolith content of a set of cellulosic materials is presented. Phytoliths were isolated by mechanical sectioning, chemical digestion, thermal ashing, and oxygen plasma ashing. Each material contained silica bodies and/or calcium oxalate crystals that were either aligned with the fiber and fibrovascular bundle and connected to the bundles by way of their containment cells, or present as individual phytoliths in more processed materials. Phytolith analysis could evolve as an identification tool for use by conservators.