Phytogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Achyranthes japonica root and its in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, and mushroom tyrosinase inhibitions

Abstract

This study demonstrates the successful synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Achyranthes japonica root extract Phytogenic AgNPs have been characterized by various physiochemical methods, such as UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, and HR-TEM analyses. The UV-vis plasmon resonance spectra of AgNPs showed a maximum at 447 nm; XRD powder analysis was used to confirm the crystalline nature of AJ-AgNPs, the shape, size, and morphology were studied by FE-SEM and HR-TEM. The results established the spherical shape of particles with an average size of about 25 nm. The presence of functional groups, such as alcohols or phenols, carboxylic acids, ketones, and amine were detected by the FTIR method. The results of in vitro antimicrobial studies have proved that the synthesized AJ-AgNPs have excellent anti-microbial activity against Gram (−) ve and Gram (+) ve bacteria in a dose-dependent manner, further, it also exhibits a dose-dependent anti-biofilm (88% activity at 100 μg/mL), DPPH scavenging (97.5 ± 2.4% maximum at 200 μg/mL concentration with Ic50 value of 43.62) and tyrosinase inhibition (98.65 ± 2.85% maximum at a dose of 140 µg/ml with Ic50 value of 49.7 activities.