Phyto-Extract-Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Sanvitalia procumbens, and Characterization, Optimization and Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dyes Orange G and Direct Blue-15.

Madeeha Aslam,Riaz Ullah,Ramzi A Mothana,Ahmed Bari,Fozia Fozia,Anadil Gul,Ijaz Ahmad,Hidayat Hussain

doi:10.3390/molecules26206144

Abstract

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) employing an aqueous plant extract has emerged as a viable eco-friendly method. The aim of the study was to synthesize AgNPs by using plant extract of Sanvitalia procumbens (creeping zinnia) in which the phytochemicals present in plant extract act as a stabilizing and reducing agent. For the stability of the synthesized AgNPs, different parameters like AgNO3 concentration, volume ratios of AgNO3, temperature, pH, and contact time were studied. Further, AgNPs were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), and EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer) analysis. FT-IR analysis showed that the plant extract contained essential functional groups like O–H stretching of carboxylic acid, N–H stretching of secondary amides, and C–N stretching of aromatic amines, and C–O indicates the vibration of alcohol, ester, and carboxylic acid that facilitated in the green synthesis of AgNPs. The crystalline nature of synthesized AgNPs was confirmed by XRD, while the elemental composition of AgNPs was detected by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). SEM studies showed the mean particle diameter of silver nanoparticles. The synthesized AgNPs were used for photocatalytic degradation of Orange G and Direct blue-15 (OG and DB-15), which were analyzed by UV-visible spectroscopy. Maximum degradation percentage of OG and DB-15 azo dyes was observed, without any significant silver leaching, thereby signifying notable photocatalytic properties of AgNPs.

Highlights

After integrating an aqueous plant extract of S. procumbens with the AgNO3 solution at a ratio of 1:9 (0.01 mol/L solution of AgNO3 ), the color change indicated that the synthesis of AgNPs occurred, where the plant extract was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent in this analysis
The observed results were consistent with previous reports in which AgNPs were synthesized using various plant extracts, and aqueous silver nitrate solution (10−3 mol/L) altered the color from transparent to brown after extract addition [29,30]
The synthesis and optimization of AgNPs was demonstrated by using plant aqueous extract of S. procumbens

Summary

Introduction

Metal nanoparticles have a variety of features in various fields. Dimensions, and compositions of metallic nanomaterials are all tied to their optical, physical and chemical properties, nanoscale materials have already been used in a wide range of applications [1]. Nanostructured metallic nanoparticles with extraordinary tunable complex surface plasmon, optoelectronics, biomedical, and catalytic properties were created owing to their high surface area to volume ratio and limited effort to the surface functionalization [2]. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), among the metals listed above, have drawn a great deal of interest because of their unique properties for use in the textile industries, agriculture, water detoxification, pharmaceutics, and as a catalyst in oxidation reactions and air filtration [4,5,6,7]. Physical, electrochemical, irradiative, photochemical, and biological methods are available for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles [8,9]

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